must¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡beheld¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡France£»¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡youth¡¡¡¡¡¡up£»¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡wonder¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡she¡¡
sinned¡¡so¡¡little£º¡¡not¡¡that¡¡she¡¡sinned¡¡so¡¡much¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡may¡¡feel£»¡¡in¡¡a¡¡word£»¡¡
that¡¡there¡¡is¡¡every¡¡excuse¡¡for¡¡those¡¡who¡¡have¡¡asserted¡¡Mary's¡¡innocence£»¡¡
because¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡high¡mindedness¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡shrank¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡believing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡guilty£º¡¡
but¡¡yet¡¡Buchanan£»¡¡in¡¡his¡¡own¡¡place¡¡and¡¡time£»¡¡may¡¡have¡¡felt¡¡as¡¡deeply¡¡that¡¡
he¡¡could¡¡do¡¡no¡¡otherwise¡¡than¡¡he¡¡did¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡charges¡¡against¡¡him£»¡¡as¡¡all¡¡readers¡¡of¡¡Scotch¡¡literature¡¡know¡¡well£»¡¡
may¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡reduced¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡heads¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1st¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡letters¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sonnets¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡
forgeries¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Maitland¡¡of¡¡Lethington¡¡may¡¡have¡¡forged¡¡the¡¡letters£»¡¡Buchanan£»¡¡
according¡¡to¡¡some£»¡¡the¡¡sonnets¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whoever¡¡forged¡¡them£»¡¡Buchanan¡¡made¡¡
use¡¡of¡¡them¡¡in¡¡his¡¡Detection£»¡¡knowing¡¡them¡¡to¡¡be¡¡forged¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡2nd¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whether¡¡
Mary¡¡was¡¡innocent¡¡or¡¡not£»¡¡Buchanan¡¡acted¡¡a¡¡base¡¡and¡¡ungrateful¡¡part¡¡in¡¡
putting¡¡himself¡¡in¡¡the¡¡forefront¡¡amongst¡¡her¡¡accusers¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡been¡¡her¡¡
tutor£»¡¡her¡¡pensioner¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡She¡¡had¡¡heaped¡¡him¡¡with¡¡favours£»¡¡and£»¡¡after¡¡all£»¡¡she¡¡
was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡queen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡defenceless¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡woman£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡returned¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡
kindness£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hour¡¡of¡¡her¡¡fall£»¡¡by¡¡invectives¡¡fit¡¡only¡¡for¡¡a¡¡rancorous¡¡and¡¡
reckless¡¡¡¡¡¡advocate£»¡¡¡¡¡¡determined¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡verdict¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡basest¡¡¡¡¡¡arts¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡110¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡111¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
oratory¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Now¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Casket¡¡¡¡¡¡letters¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡bore¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
themselves¡¡the¡¡best¡¡evidence¡¡of¡¡being¡¡genuine¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡can¡¡add¡¡nothing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
arguments¡¡of¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Froude¡¡and¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Burton£»¡¡save¡¡this£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡no¡¡one¡¡clever¡¡
enough¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡forger¡¡would¡¡have¡¡put¡¡together¡¡documents¡¡so¡¡incoherent£»¡¡
and¡¡so¡¡inplete¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For¡¡the¡¡evidence¡¡of¡¡guilt¡¡which¡¡they¡¡contain¡¡is£»¡¡after¡¡
all£»¡¡slight¡¡and¡¡indirect£»¡¡and£»¡¡moreover£»¡¡superfluous¡¡altogether£»¡¡seeing¡¡that¡¡
Mary's¡¡guilt¡¡was¡¡open¡¡and¡¡palpable£»¡¡before¡¡the¡¡supposed¡¡discovery¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
letters£»¡¡to¡¡every¡¡person¡¡at¡¡home¡¡and¡¡abroad¡¡who¡¡had¡¡any¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
facts¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡the¡¡alleged¡¡inconsistency¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡letters¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡proven¡¡¡¡¡¡facts£º¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡answer¡¡¡¡¡¡is£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡whosoever¡¡¡¡¡¡wrote¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡letters¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡likely¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
know¡¡facts¡¡which¡¡were¡¡taking¡¡place¡¡around¡¡them¡¡than¡¡any¡¡critic¡¡could¡¡be¡¡
one¡¡hundred¡¡or¡¡three¡¡hundred¡¡years¡¡afterwards¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡if¡¡these¡¡mistakes¡¡as¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡facts¡¡¡¡¡¡actually¡¡¡¡¡¡exist¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡fresh¡¡¡¡¡¡argument¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
authenticity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mary£»¡¡writing¡¡in¡¡agony¡¡and¡¡confusion£»¡¡might¡¡easily¡¡make¡¡a¡¡
mistake£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forgers¡¡would¡¡only¡¡take¡¡too¡¡good¡¡care¡¡to¡¡make¡¡none¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡strongest¡¡evidence¡¡in¡¡favour¡¡of¡¡the¡¡letters¡¡and¡¡sonnets£»¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡arguments¡¡of¡¡good¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Whittaker¡¡and¡¡other¡¡apologists¡¡for¡¡Mary£»¡¡is¡¡
to¡¡be¡¡found¡¡in¡¡their¡¡tone¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡forger¡¡in¡¡those¡¡coarse¡¡days¡¡would¡¡have¡¡made¡¡
Mary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡write¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Semiramis¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡Roxana¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡vein£»¡¡¡¡utterly¡¡¡¡¡¡alien¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡
tenderness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡delicacy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡pitiful¡¡¡¡confusion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡mind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡conscious¡¡
weakness£»¡¡the¡¡imploring¡¡and¡¡most¡¡feminine¡¡trust¡¡which¡¡makes¡¡the¡¡letters£»¡¡
to¡¡those¡¡whoas¡¡I¡¡dobelieve¡¡in¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡pathetic¡¡than¡¡any¡¡fictitious¡¡
sorrows¡¡which¡¡poets¡¡could¡¡invent¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡More¡¡than¡¡one¡¡touch£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡of¡¡utter¡¡
self¡abasement£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡second¡¡letter£»¡¡is¡¡so¡¡unexpected£»¡¡so¡¡subtle£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡so¡¡
true¡¡to¡¡the¡¡heart¡¡of¡¡woman£»¡¡thatas¡¡has¡¡been¡¡well¡¡saidif¡¡it¡¡was¡¡invented¡¡
there¡¡must¡¡have¡¡existed¡¡in¡¡Scotland¡¡an¡¡earlier¡¡Shakespeare£»¡¡who¡¡yet¡¡has¡¡
died¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡leaving¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡sign£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡evil£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡dramatic¡¡
genius¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡the¡¡theory¡¡£¨totally¡¡unsupported£©¡¡that¡¡Buchanan¡¡forged¡¡the¡¡poem¡¡
usually¡¡¡¡called¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¨Sonnets£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡paying¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Geordie's¡¡¡¡¡¡genius£»¡¡¡¡¡¡however¡¡
versatile¡¡it¡¡may¡¡have¡¡been£»¡¡too¡¡high¡¡a¡¡pliment¡¡to¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡he¡¡could¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡111¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡112¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡written¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Detection£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡paying¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
shrewdness¡¡too¡¡low¡¡a¡¡pliment¡¡to¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡he¡¡could¡¡have¡¡put¡¡into¡¡
them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡mere¡¡¡¡¡¡carelessness¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡stupidity£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡well¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡line£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡
seems¡¡¡¡¡¡inpatible¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡theory¡¡¡¡¡¡both¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡letters¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡
Detection£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡has¡¡ere¡¡now¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡forward¡¡as¡¡a¡¡fresh¡¡proof¡¡
of¡¡Mary's¡¡innocence¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡letters£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sonnets£º¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡delicacy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡
grace£»¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡reticence£»¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡arguments¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡having¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡
forged¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡Scot¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sixteenth¡¡¡¡¡¡century£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
whose¡¡characterwhatever¡¡his¡¡other¡¡virtues¡¡may¡¡have¡¡beendelicacy¡¡was¡¡
by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡the¡¡strongest¡¡point¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡for¡¡the¡¡plaint¡¡that¡¡Buchanan¡¡was¡¡ungrateful¡¡to¡¡Mary£»¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡
said£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡she£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡Murray£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡bestowed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
temporalities¡¡of¡¡Crossraguel¡¡Abbey¡¡four¡¡years¡¡before£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡merely¡¡fair¡¡
pay¡¡for¡¡services¡¡fairly¡¡rendered£»¡¡and¡¡I¡¡am¡¡not¡¡aware¡¡that¡¡payment£»¡¡or¡¡even¡¡
favours£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡however¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gracious£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bind¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡man's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡soul¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conscience¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡
questions¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡highest¡¡¡¡¡¡morality¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡highest¡¡¡¡¡¡public¡¡¡¡¡¡importance¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
importance¡¡of¡¡that¡¡question¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡exaggerated¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡a¡¡moment¡¡when¡¡
Scotland¡¡seemed¡¡struggling¡¡in¡¡death¡¡¡throes¡¡of¡¡anarchy£»¡¡civil¡¡and¡¡religious£»¡¡
and¡¡was¡¡in¡¡danger¡¡of¡¡being¡¡a¡¡prey¡¡either¡¡to¡¡England¡¡or¡¡to¡¡France£»¡¡if¡¡
there¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡formed¡¡out¡¡of¡¡the¡¡heart¡¡of¡¡her¡¡a¡¡people£»¡¡steadfast£»¡¡trusty£»¡¡
united£»¡¡strong¡¡politically¡¡because¡¡strong¡¡in¡¡the¡¡fear¡¡of¡¡God¡¡and¡¡the¡¡desire¡¡
of¡¡righteousnessat¡¡such¡¡a¡¡moment¡¡as¡¡this£»¡¡a¡¡crime¡¡had¡¡been¡¡mitted£»¡¡
the¡¡like¡¡of¡¡which¡¡had¡¡not¡¡been¡¡heard¡¡in¡¡Europe¡¡since¡¡the¡¡tragedy¡¡of¡¡Joan¡¡
of¡¡Naples¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡Europe¡¡stood¡¡aghast¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡honour¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Scottish¡¡nation¡¡
was¡¡at¡¡stake¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡More¡¡than¡¡Mary¡¡or¡¡Bothwell¡¡were¡¡known¡¡to¡¡be¡¡implicated¡¡
in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡deed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡andas¡¡¡¡¡¡Buchanan¡¡¡¡¡¡puts¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡opening¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨De¡¡¡¡¡¡Jure¡¡
Regni¡¨¡¨The¡¡fault¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡few¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡charged¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡all£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡mon¡¡
hatred¡¡of¡¡a¡¡particular¡¡person¡¡did¡¡redound¡¡to¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡nation£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡even¡¡
such¡¡as¡¡were¡¡remote¡¡from¡¡any¡¡suspicion¡¡were¡¡inflamed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡infamy¡¡of¡¡
men's¡¡crimes¡£¡¨¡¡£û17£ý¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡vindicate¡¡the¡¡national¡¡honour£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡punish¡¡the¡¡guilty£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡to¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡112¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡113¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
save¡¡themselves¡¡from¡¡utter¡¡anarchy£»¡¡the¡¡great¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Scotch¡¡nation¡¡
had¡¡taken¡¡measures¡¡against¡¡Mary¡¡which¡¡required¡¡explicit¡¡justification¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡Europe£»¡¡as¡¡Buchanan¡¡frankly¡¡confesses¡¡in¡¡the¡¡opening¡¡of¡¡his¡¡
¡¨De¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Jure¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Regni¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡chief¡¡¡¡¡¡authors¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡measures¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡
summoned£»¡¡perhaps¡¡unwisely¡¡and¡¡unjustly£»¡¡to¡¡answer¡¡for¡¡their¡¡conduct¡¡to¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡Queen¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡England¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Queen¡¡¡¡¡¡Elizabetha¡¡¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡notorious¡¡
enough¡¡then£»¡¡though¡¡it¡¡has¡¡been¡¡forgotten¡¡till¡¡the¡¡last¡¡few¡¡yearswas¡¡doing¡¡
her¡¡utmost¡¡to¡¡shield¡¡Mary¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Buchanan¡¡was¡¡deputed£»¡¡it¡¡seems£»¡¡to¡¡speak¡¡out¡¡
for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Scotland£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡certainly¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡never¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡abler¡¡
apologist¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡he¡¡spoke¡¡fiercely£»¡¡savagely£»¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡remembered¡¡that¡¡he¡¡
spoke¡¡of¡¡a¡¡fierce¡¡and¡¡savage¡¡matter£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡usedand¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡abusedall¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡arts¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡oratory£»¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡remembered¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡fighting¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
honour£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡for¡¡the¡¡national¡¡life£»¡¡of¡¡his¡¡country£»¡¡and¡¡strikingas¡¡
men¡¡in¡¡such¡¡cases¡¡have¡¡a¡¡right¡¡to¡¡strikeas¡¡hard¡¡as¡¡he¡¡could¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡he¡¡makes¡¡
no¡¡secret¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡indignation£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡contempt£»¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡remembered¡¡
that¡¡¡¡¡¡indignation¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡contempt¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡well¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡real¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡
they¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡real¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡soundest¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡part¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡countrymen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
reforming¡¡¡¡¡¡middle¡¡¡¡¡¡class£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡paratively¡¡¡¡¡¡untainted¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡French¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡profligacy£»¡¡
paratively¡¡¡¡¡¡undebauched¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡feudal¡¡¡¡¡¡subservience£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
leaven¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡leavened¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡Scottish¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡three¡¡
centuries¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡elements¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡greatness¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If£»¡¡¡¡¡¡finally£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡heaps¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡
against¡¡the¡¡unhappy¡¡Queen¡¡charges¡¡which¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Burton¡¡thinks¡¡incredible£»¡¡it¡¡
must¡¡be¡¡remembered¡¡that£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡well¡¡says£»¡¡these¡¡charges¡¡give¡¡the¡¡popular¡¡
feeling¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡Queen¡¡¡¡¡¡Mary£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡remembered¡¡¡¡¡¡also£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡
popular¡¡feeling¡¡need¡¡not¡¡have¡¡been¡¡altogether¡¡unfounded¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Stories¡¡which¡¡
are¡¡incredible£»¡¡thank¡¡God£»¡¡in¡¡these¡¡milder¡¡days£»¡¡were¡¡credible¡¡enough¡¡then£»¡¡
because£»¡¡alas£¡¡¡they¡¡were¡¡so¡¡often¡¡true¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Things¡¡more¡¡ugly¡¡than¡¡any¡¡related¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Mary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡possible¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enoughas¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡knew¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡better¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡
Buchananin¡¡that¡¡very¡¡French¡¡court¡¡in¡¡which¡¡Mary¡¡had¡¡been¡¡brought¡¡up£»¡¡
things¡¡as¡¡ugly¡¡were¡¡¡¡possible¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Scotland¡¡then£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡for¡¡¡¡at¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡century¡¡
later£»¡¡and¡¡while¡¡we¡¡may¡¡hope¡¡that¡¡Buchanan¡¡has¡¡overstated¡¡his¡¡case£»¡¡we¡¡
must¡¡not¡¡blame¡¡him¡¡too¡¡severely¡¡for¡¡yielding¡¡to¡¡a¡¡temptation¡¡mon¡¡to¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡113¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡114¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
all¡¡men¡¡of¡¡genius¡¡when¡¡their¡¡creative¡¡power¡¡is¡¡roused¡¡to¡¡its¡¡highest¡¡energy¡¡
by¡¡a¡¡great¡¡cause¡¡and¡¡a¡¡great¡¡indignation¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡that¡¡the¡¡genius¡¡was¡¡there£»¡¡no¡¡man¡¡can¡¡doubt£»¡¡one¡¡cannot¡¡read¡¡that¡¡
¡¨hideously¡¡eloquent¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡description¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Kirk¡¡¡¡¡¡o'¡¡Field£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡Burton¡¡has¡¡
well¡¡chosen¡¡as¡¡a¡¡specimen¡¡of¡¡Buchanan's¡¡style£»¡¡without¡¡seeing¡¡that¡¡we¡¡are¡¡
face¡¡to¡¡face¡¡with¡¡a¡¡genius¡¡of¡¡a¡¡very¡¡lofty¡¡order£º¡¡not£»¡¡indeed£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡loftiest¡¡
for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡always¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡Buchanan's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡work£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡seems¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡me£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡want¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
unconsciousness£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡want¡¡of¡¡tendernessbut¡¡still¡¡a¡¡genius¡¡worthy¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
placed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡beside¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡ancient¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡writers¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whom¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡took¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡manner¡£¡¡
Whether¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡agree¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡contemporaries£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡say¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡
equalled¡¡Virgil¡¡in¡¡Latin¡¡poetry£»¡¡we¡¡may¡¡place¡¡him¡¡fairly¡¡as¡¡a¡¡prose¡¡writer¡¡
by¡¡the¡¡side¡¡of¡¡Demosthenes£»¡¡Cicero£»¡¡or¡¡Tacitus¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡so¡¡I¡¡pass¡¡from¡¡this¡¡
painful¡¡subject£»¡¡only¡¡quotingif¡¡I¡¡may¡¡be¡¡permitted¡¡to¡¡quoteMr¡£¡¡Burton's¡¡
wise¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡gentle¡¡¡¡¡¡verdict¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡whole¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Buchanan£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡says£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨though¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
zealous¡¡Protestant£»¡¡had¡¡a¡¡good¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Catholic¡¡and¡¡sceptical¡¡spirit¡¡of¡¡
Erasmus£»¡¡and¡¡an¡¡admiring¡¡eye¡¡for¡¡everything¡¡that¡¡was¡¡great¡¡and¡¡beautiful¡£¡¡
Like¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡his¡¡countrymen£»¡¡he¡¡bowed¡¡himself¡¡in¡¡presence¡¡of¡¡the¡¡lustre¡¡
t
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£
ÔÞÒ»ÏÂ
Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü