¡¶historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)¡·

ÏÂÔر¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)- µÚ25²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡

monk£»¡¡as¡¡teacher¡¡of¡¡mankind£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡scholars¡¡should¡¡form£»¡¡for¡¡a¡¡while£»¡¡a¡¡

new¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡powerful¡¡¡¡¡¡aristocracy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡limited¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡privileged£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

redoubtable£»¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡lay¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡intellect£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡won¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡

intellect¡¡alone¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Those¡¡who£»¡¡whether¡¡poor¡¡or¡¡rich£»¡¡did¡¡not¡¡fear¡¡the¡¡monk¡¡and¡¡priest£»¡¡at¡¡

least¡¡¡¡¡¡feared¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨scholar£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡held£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡vulgar¡¡¡¡¡¡believed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡keys¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

that¡¡magic¡¡lore¡¡by¡¡which¡¡the¡¡old¡¡necromancers¡¡had¡¡built¡¡cities¡¡like¡¡Rome£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡worked¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡marvels¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡mechanical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡chemical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡skill£»¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

degenerate¡¡modern¡¡could¡¡never¡¡equal¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡the¡¡¡¨scholar¡¨¡¡stopped¡¡in¡¡a¡¡town£»¡¡his¡¡hostess¡¡probably¡¡begged¡¡of¡¡him¡¡

a¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡charm¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡against¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡toothache¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡rheumatism¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡penniless¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡knight¡¡

discoursed¡¡with¡¡him¡¡on¡¡alchemy£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡chances¡¡of¡¡retrieving¡¡his¡¡fortune¡¡

by¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡transmuting¡¡metals¡¡into¡¡gold¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡queen¡¡or¡¡bishop¡¡worried¡¡

him¡¡in¡¡private¡¡about¡¡casting¡¡their¡¡nativities£»¡¡and¡¡finding¡¡their¡¡fates¡¡among¡¡

the¡¡stars¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡statesman£»¡¡who¡¡dealt¡¡with¡¡more¡¡practical¡¡matters£»¡¡hired¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡102¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡103¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



him¡¡as¡¡an¡¡advocate¡¡and¡¡rhetorician£»¡¡who¡¡could¡¡fight¡¡his¡¡master's¡¡enemies¡¡

with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡weapons¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Demosthenes¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Cicero¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Wherever¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡scholar's¡¡

steps¡¡were¡¡turned£»¡¡he¡¡might¡¡be¡¡master¡¡of¡¡others£»¡¡as¡¡long¡¡as¡¡he¡¡was¡¡master¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡himself¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡plaints¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡¡¡¡¡uttered¡¡¡¡¡¡concerning¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

cruelty¡¡of¡¡fortune£»¡¡the¡¡fickleness¡¡of¡¡princes¡¡and¡¡so¡¡forth£»¡¡were¡¡probably¡¡no¡¡

more¡¡just¡¡then¡¡than¡¡such¡¡plaints¡¡are¡¡now¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then£»¡¡as¡¡now£»¡¡he¡¡got¡¡his¡¡

deserts£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡bought¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡¡¡¡¡price¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡chose¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡sell¡¡

himself¡¡to¡¡this¡¡patron¡¡and¡¡to¡¡that£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡used¡¡and¡¡thrown¡¡away£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡he¡¡

chose¡¡to¡¡remain¡¡in¡¡honourable¡¡independence£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡courted¡¡and¡¡feared¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Among¡¡the¡¡successful¡¡scholars¡¡of¡¡the¡¡sixteenth¡¡century£»¡¡none¡¡surely¡¡is¡¡

more¡¡notable¡¡than¡¡George¡¡Buchanan¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡poor¡¡Scotch¡¡widow's¡¡son£»¡¡by¡¡

force¡¡of¡¡native¡¡wit£»¡¡and£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡think£»¡¡by¡¡force¡¡of¡¡native¡¡worth£»¡¡fights¡¡his¡¡way¡¡

upward£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡poverty¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡severest¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡persecution£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡bee¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

correspondent¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡friend¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡greatest¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡literary¡¡¡¡¡¡celebrities¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Continent£»¡¡parable£»¡¡in¡¡their¡¡opinion£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡best¡¡Latin¡¡poets¡¡of¡¡antiquity£»¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡preceptor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡princes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡counsellor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡spokesman¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Scotch¡¡

statesmen¡¡in¡¡the¡¡most¡¡dangerous¡¡of¡¡times£»¡¡and¡¡leaves¡¡behind¡¡him¡¡political¡¡

treatises£»¡¡which¡¡have¡¡influenced¡¡not¡¡only¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡¡country£»¡¡

but¡¡that¡¡of¡¡the¡¡civilised¡¡world¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Such¡¡a¡¡success¡¡could¡¡not¡¡be¡¡attained¡¡without¡¡making¡¡enemies£»¡¡perhaps¡¡

without¡¡¡¡¡¡making¡¡¡¡¡¡mistakes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡study¡¡¡¡¡¡George¡¡¡¡¡¡Buchanan's¡¡

history£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡shall¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡inclined¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡hunt¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡failings£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

inclined¡¡to¡¡admire¡¡his¡¡worth¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡shrewd£»¡¡sound¡­hearted£»¡¡affectionate¡¡man£»¡¡

with¡¡a¡¡strong¡¡love¡¡of¡¡right¡¡and¡¡scorn¡¡of¡¡wrong£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡humour¡¡withal¡¡which¡¡

saved¡¡himexcept¡¡on¡¡really¡¡great¡¡occasionsfrom¡¡bitterness£»¡¡and¡¡helped¡¡

him¡¡to¡¡laugh¡¡where¡¡narrower¡¡natures¡¡would¡¡have¡¡only¡¡snarled£»he¡¡is£»¡¡in¡¡

many¡¡¡¡¡¡respects£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡type¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡Lowland¡¡¡¡¡¡Scots£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡preserved¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

jokes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡genuine¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡reputed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡mon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡household¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡book¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£û16£ý¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡

schoolmaster¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡profession£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡struggling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡amid¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

temptations¡¡which£»¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days£»¡¡degraded¡¡his¡¡class¡¡into¡¡cruel¡¡and¡¡sordid¡¡

pedants£»¡¡he¡¡rose¡¡from¡¡the¡¡mere¡¡pedagogue¡¡to¡¡be£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡best¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

word£»¡¡a¡¡courtier£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨One£»¡¨¡¡says¡¡Daniel¡¡Heinsius£»¡¡¡¨who¡¡seemed¡¡not¡¡only¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡103¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡104¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



born¡¡for¡¡a¡¡court£»¡¡but¡¡born¡¡to¡¡amend¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡brought¡¡to¡¡his¡¡queen¡¡that¡¡at¡¡

which¡¡she¡¡could¡¡not¡¡wonder¡¡enough¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡For£»¡¡by¡¡affecting¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡liberty¡¡in¡¡

censuring¡¡morals£»¡¡he¡¡avoided¡¡all¡¡offence£»¡¡under¡¡the¡¡cloak¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡simplicity¡£¡¨¡¡

Of¡¡him¡¡and¡¡his¡¡peers£»¡¡Turnebus£»¡¡and¡¡Muretus£»¡¡and¡¡their¡¡friend¡¡Andrea¡¡

Govea£»¡¡Ronsard£»¡¡the¡¡French¡¡court¡¡poet£»¡¡said¡¡that¡¡they¡¡had¡¡nothing¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

pedagogue¡¡about¡¡them¡¡but¡¡the¡¡gown¡¡and¡¡cap¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Austere¡¡in¡¡face£»¡¡and¡¡rustic¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡looks£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡says¡¡¡¡¡¡David¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Buchanan£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨but¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡polished¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡style¡¡¡¡and¡¡

speech£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡continually£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡serious¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conversation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡jesting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡

wittily¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Rough¡­hewn£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡slovenly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡rude£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡says¡¡¡¡¡¡Peacham£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

¡¨pleat¡¡Gentleman£»¡¨¡¡speaking¡¡of¡¡him£»¡¡probably£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡appeared¡¡in¡¡old¡¡

age£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡person£»¡¡¡¡¡¡behaviour£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡fashion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡seldom¡¡¡¡¡¡caring¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡better¡¡

outside¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡rugge¡­gown¡¡¡¡¡¡girt¡¡¡¡¡¡close¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡him£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡inside¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

conceipt¡¡in¡¡poesie¡¡was¡¡most¡¡rich£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡sweetness¡¡and¡¡facilitie¡¡in¡¡verse¡¡

most¡¡excellent¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡typical¡¡Lowland¡¡Scot£»¡¡as¡¡I¡¡said¡¡just¡¡now£»¡¡he¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡

have¡¡absorbed¡¡all¡¡the¡¡best¡¡culture¡¡which¡¡France¡¡could¡¡afford¡¡him£»¡¡without¡¡

losing¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡strength£»¡¡¡¡¡¡honesty£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡humour¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡inherited¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

Stirlingshire¡¡kindred¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡story¡¡of¡¡his¡¡life¡¡is¡¡easily¡¡traced¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡an¡¡old¡¡man£»¡¡he¡¡himself¡¡

wrote¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡main¡¡¡¡¡¡events¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡request¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡friends£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

sketch¡¡has¡¡been¡¡filled¡¡out¡¡by¡¡mentators£»¡¡if¡¡not¡¡always¡¡favourable£»¡¡at¡¡

least¡¡erudite¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Born¡¡in¡¡1506£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Moss£»¡¡in¡¡Killearnwhere¡¡an¡¡obelisk¡¡to¡¡

his¡¡¡¡¡¡memory£»¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡reads£»¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡erected¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡centuryof¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡family¡¡

¡¨rather¡¡¡¡¡¡ancient¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡rich£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡father¡¡¡¡¡¡dead¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡prime¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡manhood£»¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

grandfather¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡spendthrift£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡seven¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡brothers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡sisters¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

brought¡¡up¡¡by¡¡a¡¡widowed¡¡mother£»¡¡Agnes¡¡Heriotof¡¡whom¡¡one¡¡wishes¡¡to¡¡

know¡¡more£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡rule¡¡that¡¡great¡¡sons¡¡have¡¡great¡¡mothers¡¡probably¡¡holds¡¡

good¡¡in¡¡her¡¡case¡£¡¡George¡¡gave¡¡signs£»¡¡while¡¡at¡¡the¡¡village¡¡school£»¡¡of¡¡future¡¡

scholarship£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡he¡¡was¡¡only¡¡fourteen£»¡¡his¡¡uncle¡¡James¡¡sent¡¡him¡¡to¡¡

the¡¡University¡¡of¡¡Paris¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Those¡¡were¡¡hard¡¡times£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡youths£»¡¡or¡¡rather¡¡

boys£»¡¡who¡¡meant¡¡to¡¡bee¡¡scholars£»¡¡had¡¡a¡¡cruel¡¡life¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡cast¡¡desperately¡¡

out¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wide¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡beg¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡starve£»¡¡¡¡¡¡either¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡self¡­restraint¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

success£»¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡ruin¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡body¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡soul¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡cruel¡¡¡¡¡¡life¡¡¡¡¡¡George¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡104¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡105¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



Within¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡severe¡¡¡¡¡¡illness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡uncle¡¡¡¡¡¡dead£»¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

supplies¡¡stopped£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡boy¡¡of¡¡sixteen¡¡got¡¡home£»¡¡he¡¡does¡¡not¡¡tell¡¡how¡£¡¡

Then¡¡he¡¡tried¡¡soldiering£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡with¡¡Albany's¡¡French¡¡Auxiliaries¡¡at¡¡the¡¡

ineffectual¡¡attack¡¡on¡¡Wark¡¡Castle¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Marching¡¡back¡¡through¡¡deep¡¡snow£»¡¡he¡¡

got¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡fresh¡¡¡¡¡¡illness£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡kept¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡bed¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡winter¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡

brother¡¡were¡¡sent¡¡to¡¡St¡£¡¡Andrews£»¡¡where¡¡he¡¡got¡¡his¡¡B¡£A¡£¡¡at¡¡nineteen¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡

next¡¡summer¡¡he¡¡went¡¡to¡¡France¡¡once¡¡more£»¡¡and¡¡¡¨fell£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡says£»¡¡¡¨into¡¡the¡¡

flames¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Lutheran¡¡¡¡¡¡sect£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡spreading¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡wide¡£¡¨¡¡

Two¡¡years¡¡of¡¡penury¡¡followed£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡three¡¡years¡¡of¡¡school¡­mastering¡¡in¡¡

the¡¡College¡¡of¡¡St¡£¡¡Barbe£»¡¡which¡¡he¡¡has¡¡immortalisedat¡¡least£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡few¡¡

who¡¡care¡¡to¡¡read¡¡modern¡¡Latin¡¡poetryin¡¡his¡¡elegy¡¡on¡¡¡¨The¡¡Miseries¡¡of¡¡a¡¡

Parisian¡¡Teacher¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Humanities¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡wretched¡¡¡¡¡¡regent¡­master£»¡¡¡¡¡¡pale¡¡

and¡¡suffering£»¡¡sits¡¡up¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡night¡¡¡¡¡¡preparing¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡lecture£»¡¡biting¡¡his¡¡nails¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

thumping¡¡his¡¡desk£»¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡falls¡¡asleep¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡few¡¡minutes£»¡¡to¡¡start¡¡up¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

sound¡¡of¡¡the¡¡four¡­o'clock¡¡bell£»¡¡and¡¡be¡¡in¡¡school¡¡by¡¡five£»¡¡his¡¡Virgil¡¡in¡¡one¡¡

hand£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡rod¡¡in¡¡the¡¡other£»¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡do¡¡work¡¡on¡¡his¡¡own¡¡account¡¡at¡¡old¡¡

manuscripts£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡bawling¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡wretched¡¡¡¡¡¡boys£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡cheat¡¡

him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡pay¡¡¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡answer¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡truants'¡¡¡¡¡¡names¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡class¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡

wrong¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨One¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡barefoot£»¡¡¡¡another's¡¡¡¡¡¡shoe¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡burst£»¡¡¡¡another¡¡¡¡¡¡cries£»¡¡¡¡another¡¡

writes¡¡home¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡es¡¡the¡¡rod£»¡¡the¡¡sound¡¡of¡¡blows£»¡¡and¡¡howls£»¡¡and¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡day¡¡¡¡¡¡passes¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡tears¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Then¡¡¡¡¡¡mass£»¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡another¡¡¡¡¡¡lesson£»¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡

blows£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡hardly¡¡time¡¡to¡¡eat¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡no¡¡space¡¡to¡¡finish¡¡the¡¡picture¡¡

of¡¡the¡¡stupid¡¡misery¡¡which£»¡¡Buchanan¡¡says£»¡¡was¡¡ruining¡¡his¡¡intellect£»¡¡while¡¡

it¡¡¡¡¡¡starved¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡body¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡However£»¡¡¡¡¡¡happier¡¡¡¡¡¡days¡¡¡¡¡¡came¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Gilbert¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Kennedy£»¡¡

Earl¡¡of¡¡Cassilis£»¡¡who¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡a¡¡noble¡¡young¡¡gentleman£»¡¡took¡¡

him¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡tutor¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡next¡¡¡¡¡¡five¡¡¡¡¡¡years£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡went¡¡¡¡¡¡back¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡

Scotland¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡plain¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡speaking¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡got¡¡¡¡¡¡him£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡

afterward£»¡¡into¡¡trouble¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡took¡¡it¡¡into¡¡his¡¡head¡¡to¡¡write£»¡¡in¡¡imitation¡¡of¡¡

Dunbar£»¡¡a¡¡Latin¡¡poem£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡St¡£¡¡Francis¡¡asks¡¡him¡¡in¡¡a¡¡dream¡¡to¡¡bee¡¡

a¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Gray¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Friar£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Buchanan¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡answered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡language¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

unpleasant¡¡¡¡¡¡fault¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡clever£»¡¡¡¡¡¡andto¡¡¡¡¡¡judge¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡contemporary¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡105¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡106¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



evidenceonly¡¡too¡¡true¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡friars¡¡said¡¡nothing¡¡at¡¡first£»¡¡but¡¡when¡¡King¡¡

James¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Buchanan¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tutor¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡sons£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they£»¡¡¡¡¡¨men¡¡

professing¡¡meekness£»¡¡took¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡somewhat¡¡more¡¡angrily¡¡than¡¡befitted¡¡

men¡¡so¡¡pious¡¡in¡¡the¡¡opinion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡Buchanan¡¡himself¡¡puts¡¡it£º¡¡

but£»¡¡to¡¡do¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡friars¡¡justice£»¡¡they¡¡must¡¡have¡¡been¡¡angels£»¡¡not¡¡men£»¡¡if¡¡

they¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡writhe¡¡¡¡¡¡somewhat¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡scourge¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡laid¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡

them¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡be¡¡told¡¡that¡¡there¡¡was¡¡hardly¡¡a¡¡place¡¡in¡¡heaven¡¡for¡¡monks£»¡¡was¡¡

hard¡¡to¡¡hear¡¡and¡¡bear¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡accused¡¡him¡¡to¡¡the¡¡king¡¡of¡¡heresy£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡

being¡¡then¡¡in¡¡favour¡¡with¡¡James£»¡¡they¡¡got¡¡no¡¡answer£»¡¡and¡¡Buchanan¡¡was¡¡

manded¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡repeat¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡castigation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Having¡¡¡¡¡¡found¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡friars¡¡

were¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡touched¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡impunity£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡wrote£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡says£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡short¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

ambiguous¡¡poem¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡king£»¡¡who¡¡loved¡¡a¡¡joke£»¡¡demanded¡¡something¡¡

sharp¡¡and¡¡stinging£»¡¡and¡¡Buchanan¡¡obeyed¡¡by¡¡writing£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡publishing£»¡¡

¡¨The¡¡Franciscans£»¡¨¡¡a¡¡long¡¡satire£»¡¡pared¡¡to¡¡which¡¡the¡¡¡¨Somnium¡¨¡¡was¡¡

bland¡¡and¡¡merciful¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡storm¡¡rose¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Cardinal¡¡Beaten£»¡¡Buchanan¡¡says£»¡¡

wanted¡¡to¡¡buy¡¡him¡¡of¡¡the¡¡king£»¡¡and¡¡then£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡burn¡¡him£»¡¡as¡¡he
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü