and¡¡shrubs£»¡¡of¡¡a¡¡beauty¡¡and¡¡richness¡¡rather¡¡Eastern¡¡than¡¡European£»¡¡have¡¡
made¡¡the¡¡¡¨Flora¡¡Montpeliensis£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡with¡¡it¡¡the¡¡names¡¡of¡¡Rondelet¡¡and¡¡his¡¡
disciples£»¡¡famous¡¡among¡¡botanists£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡strange¡¡fish¡¡and¡¡shells¡¡upon¡¡its¡¡
shores¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡afforded¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Rondelet¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡materials¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡immortal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
¡¨Animals¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Sea¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡innumerable¡¡¡¡¡¡wild¡¡¡¡¡¡fowl¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Benches¡¡¡¡¡¡du¡¡
Rhone£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡innumerable¡¡¡¡¡¡songsters¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡¡¡birds¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡passage£»¡¡¡¡¡¡many¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
them¡¡¡¡¡¡unknown¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡islands£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡north¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡France¡¡¡¡¡¡itself£»¡¡
which¡¡haunt¡¡every¡¡copse¡¡of¡¡willow¡¡and¡¡aspen¡¡along¡¡the¡¡brook¡sides£»¡¡the¡¡
gaudy¡¡and¡¡curious¡¡insects¡¡which¡¡thrive¡¡beneath¡¡that¡¡clear£»¡¡fierce£»¡¡and¡¡yet¡¡
bracing¡¡sunlight£»¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡district¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Montpellier¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡
prepared¡¡by¡¡Nature¡¡for¡¡those¡¡who¡¡study¡¡and¡¡revere¡¡her¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Neither¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡Chancellor¡¡¡¡¡¡Fanchon¡¡¡¡¡¡misled¡¡by¡¡¡¡patriotism£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡said¡¡
the¡¡pleasant¡¡people¡¡who¡¡inhabit¡¡that¡¡district¡¡are¡¡fit¡¡for¡¡all¡¡the¡¡labours¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
intellect¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡a¡¡very¡¡mixed¡¡race£»¡¡and£»¡¡like¡¡most¡¡mixed¡¡races£»¡¡quick¡¡¡
witted£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡handsome¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡probably¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡blood¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡56¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡57¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡especially¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡towns£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡Languedoc£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡Gallia¡¡
Narbonnensis£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡called¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡old£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡said¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡
Rome¡¡itself¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡Roman¡¡remains¡¡are¡¡more¡¡perfect¡¡and¡¡more¡¡interesting¡¡
so¡¡the¡¡late¡¡Dr¡£¡¡Whewell¡¡used¡¡to¡¡say¡¡than¡¡any¡¡to¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡now¡¡in¡¡Italy£»¡¡and¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡capital£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Narbonne¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡itself£»¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡plete¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡museum¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡
antiquities¡¡¡¡¡¡ere¡¡¡¡¡¡Francis¡¡I¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡destroyed¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡order¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡fortify¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡city¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
modern¡¡system¡¡against¡¡the¡¡invading¡¡armies¡¡of¡¡Charles¡¡V¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡must¡¡be¡¡
much¡¡Visigothic¡¡blood¡¡likewise¡¡in¡¡Languedoc£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Visigothic¡¡Kings¡¡
held¡¡their¡¡courts¡¡there¡¡from¡¡the¡¡fifth¡¡century£»¡¡until¡¡the¡¡time¡¡that¡¡they¡¡were¡¡
crushed¡¡by¡¡the¡¡invading¡¡Moors¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Spanish¡¡blood£»¡¡likewise£»¡¡there¡¡may¡¡be£»¡¡
for¡¡¡¡¡¡much¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Languedoc¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡early¡¡¡¡¡¡Middle¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Age¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡those¡¡
descendants¡¡of¡¡Eudes¡¡of¡¡Aquitaine¡¡who¡¡established¡¡themselves¡¡as¡¡kings¡¡of¡¡
Majorca¡¡and¡¡Arragon£»¡¡and¡¡Languedoc¡¡did¡¡not¡¡bee¡¡entirely¡¡French¡¡till¡¡
1349£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡Philip¡¡¡¡¡¡le¡¡¡¡¡¡Bel¡¡¡¡¡¡bought¡¡¡¡¡¡Montpellier¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡potentates¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡
Moors£»¡¡too£»¡¡may¡¡have¡¡left¡¡some¡¡traces¡¡of¡¡their¡¡race¡¡behind¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡held¡¡
the¡¡country¡¡from¡¡about¡¡A¡£D¡£¡¡713¡¡to¡¡758£»¡¡when¡¡they¡¡were¡¡finally¡¡expelled¡¡
by¡¡¡¡¡¡Charles¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Martel¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Eudes¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sees¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡day¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡towers¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
meagre¡¡¡¡¡¡stonework£»¡¡¡¡¡¡perched¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡grand¡¡¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡¡¡¡¡masonry¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡
amphitheatres£»¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡turned¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡fortresses¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡One¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡see£»¡¡¡¡¡¡tooso¡¡
tradition¡¡holds¡¡upon¡¡those¡¡very¡¡amphitheatres¡¡the¡¡stains¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fires¡¡with¡¡
which¡¡Charles¡¡Martel¡¡smoked¡¡them¡¡out£»¡¡and¡¡one¡¡may¡¡see£»¡¡too£»¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡fancy¡¡
that¡¡one¡¡sees£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡aquiline¡¡features£»¡¡the¡¡bright¡¡black¡¡eyes£»¡¡the¡¡lithe¡¡and¡¡
graceful¡¡gestures£»¡¡which¡¡are¡¡so¡¡mon¡¡in¡¡Languedoc£»¡¡some¡¡touch¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
old¡¡Mahommedan¡¡race£»¡¡which¡¡passed¡¡like¡¡a¡¡flood¡¡over¡¡that¡¡Christian¡¡land¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whether¡¡or¡¡not¡¡the¡¡Moors¡¡left¡¡behind¡¡any¡¡traces¡¡of¡¡their¡¡blood£»¡¡they¡¡
left¡¡¡¡¡¡behind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡least£»¡¡¡¡traces¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡learning£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡university¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Montpellier¡¡claimed¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡founded¡¡by¡¡Moors¡¡at¡¡a¡¡date¡¡of¡¡altogether¡¡
abysmal¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡antiquity¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡looked¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Arabian¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡physicians¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Middle¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Age£»¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡Avicenna¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Averrhoes£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡modern¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡innovators£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
derived¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡parentage¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡¡¡¡¡mythic¡¡¡¡¡¡doctors¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Cordova£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who£»¡¡
when¡¡the¡¡Moors¡¡were¡¡expelled¡¡from¡¡Spain¡¡in¡¡the¡¡eighth¡¡century£»¡¡fled¡¡to¡¡
Montpellier£»¡¡bringing¡¡with¡¡them¡¡traditions¡¡of¡¡that¡¡primaeval¡¡science¡¡which¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡57¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡58¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡revealed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Adam¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡Paradise£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡founded¡¡
Montpellier£»¡¡the¡¡mother¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡universities¡¡in¡¡Europe¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Nay£»¡¡some¡¡went¡¡
farther¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡still£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡told¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Bengessaus¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Ferragius£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡physicians¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Charlemagne£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡Marilephus£»¡¡chief¡¡physician¡¡of¡¡King¡¡Chilperic£»¡¡and¡¡
evenif¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡letter¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡St¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Bernard's¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡believedof¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡¡¡¡¡bishop¡¡
who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡went¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡early¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡second¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡century¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡consult¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡doctors¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Montpellier£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡in¡¡vain¡¡to¡¡reply¡¡to¡¡them¡¡that¡¡in¡¡those¡¡
days£»¡¡and¡¡long¡¡after¡¡them£»¡¡Montpellier¡¡was¡¡not¡¡yet¡¡built¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡facts¡¡are¡¡
said¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡early¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡thirteenth¡¡¡¡¡¡century¡¡
Montpellier¡¡had¡¡its¡¡schools¡¡of¡¡law£»¡¡medicine£»¡¡and¡¡arts£»¡¡which¡¡were¡¡erected¡¡
into¡¡a¡¡university¡¡by¡¡Pope¡¡Nicholas¡¡IV¡£¡¡in¡¡1289¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡university¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡likeI¡¡¡¡believemost¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡foreign¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ones£»¡¡
resembled¡¡more¡¡a¡¡Scotch¡¡than¡¡an¡¡English¡¡university¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡students¡¡lived£»¡¡
for¡¡the¡¡most¡¡part£»¡¡not¡¡in¡¡colleges£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡private¡¡lodgings£»¡¡and¡¡constituted¡¡a¡¡
republic¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own£»¡¡ruled¡¡by¡¡an¡¡abbe¡¡of¡¡the¡¡scholars£»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡themselves£»¡¡
chosen¡¡by¡¡universal¡¡suffrage¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡terror¡¡they¡¡were¡¡often¡¡to¡¡the¡¡respectable¡¡
burghers£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡had¡¡all¡¡the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡arms£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡plague¡¡likewise£»¡¡
for£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡ran¡¡in¡¡debt£»¡¡their¡¡creditors¡¡were¡¡forbidden¡¡to¡¡seize¡¡their¡¡books£»¡¡
which£»¡¡with¡¡their¡¡swords£»¡¡were¡¡generally¡¡all¡¡the¡¡property¡¡they¡¡possessed¡£¡¡If£»¡¡
moreover£»¡¡anyone¡¡set¡¡up¡¡a¡¡noisy¡¡or¡¡unpleasant¡¡trade¡¡near¡¡their¡¡lodgings£»¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡scholars¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡pel¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡town¡¡¡¡¡¡authorities¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡turn¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡
were¡¡most¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡probably£»¡¡mere¡¡boys¡¡of¡¡from¡¡twelve¡¡to¡¡twenty£»¡¡living¡¡
poorly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡working¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡hard£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡andthose¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡
collegescruelly¡¡¡¡¡¡beaten¡¡¡¡¡¡daily£»¡¡¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fashion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡times£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡
seem¡¡to¡¡have¡¡forted¡¡themselves¡¡under¡¡their¡¡troubles¡¡by¡¡a¡¡good¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡
wild¡¡life¡¡out¡¡of¡¡school£»¡¡by¡¡rambling¡¡into¡¡the¡¡country¡¡on¡¡the¡¡festivals¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
saints£»¡¡and¡¡now¡¡and¡¡then¡¡by¡¡acting¡¡plays£»¡¡notably£»¡¡that¡¡famous¡¡one¡¡which¡¡
Rabelais¡¡wrote¡¡for¡¡them¡¡in¡¡1531£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡moral¡¡edy¡¡of¡¡the¡¡man¡¡who¡¡
had¡¡a¡¡dumb¡¡wife£»¡¨¡¡which¡¡¡¨joyous¡¡PATELINAGE¡¨¡¡remains¡¡unto¡¡this¡¡day¡¡in¡¡
the¡¡shape¡¡of¡¡a¡¡well¡¡¡known¡¡ic¡¡song¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡edy¡¡young¡¡Rondelet¡¡
must¡¡have¡¡seen¡¡acted¡£¡¡The¡¡son¡¡of¡¡a¡¡druggist£»¡¡spicer£»¡¡and¡¡grocerthe¡¡three¡¡
trades¡¡were¡¡then¡¡binedin¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡and¡¡born¡¡in¡¡1507£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡58¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡59¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
destined¡¡for¡¡the¡¡cloister£»¡¡being¡¡a¡¡sickly¡¡lad¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡uncle£»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡canons¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡Maguelonne£»¡¡¡¡¡¡near¡¡¡¡¡¡by£»¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡given¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡revenues¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡
chapela¡¡job¡¡of¡¡nepotism¡¡which¡¡was¡¡mon¡¡enough¡¡in¡¡those¡¡days¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡
his¡¡¡¡¡¡heart¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡science¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡medicine¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡¡¡off£»¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡mere¡¡¡¡¡¡boy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
Paris¡¡to¡¡study¡¡there£»¡¡and¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡age¡¡of¡¡eighteen£»¡¡to¡¡
study¡¡again¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡next¡¡¡¡¡¡year£»¡¡¡¡¡¡1530£»¡¡¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡scholar¡¡¡¡¡¡himself£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡appointed¡¡
procurator¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡scholarsa¡¡¡¡¡¡post¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡brought¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡¡¡¡¡fee¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡
each¡¡matriculationand¡¡that¡¡year¡¡he¡¡took¡¡a¡¡fee£»¡¡among¡¡others£»¡¡from¡¡one¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡most¡¡remarkable¡¡men¡¡of¡¡that¡¡or¡¡of¡¡any¡¡age£»¡¡Francois¡¡Rabelais¡¡himself¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡what¡¡shall¡¡I¡¡say¡¡of¡¡him£¿who¡¡stands¡¡alone£»¡¡like¡¡Shakespeare£»¡¡in¡¡
his¡¡generation£»¡¡possessed¡¡of¡¡colossal¡¡learningof¡¡all¡¡science¡¡which¡¡could¡¡
be¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡gathered¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡daysof¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡practical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡statesmanlike¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡wisdomof¡¡
knowledge¡¡of¡¡languages£»¡¡ancient¡¡and¡¡modern£»¡¡beyond¡¡all¡¡his¡¡peersof¡¡
eloquence£»¡¡which¡¡when¡¡he¡¡speaks¡¡of¡¡pure¡¡and¡¡noble¡¡things¡¡bees¡¡heroic£»¡¡
and£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡were£»¡¡inspiredof¡¡scorn¡¡for¡¡meanness£»¡¡hypocrisy£»¡¡ignoranceof¡¡
esteem£»¡¡¡¡¡¡genuine¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡earnest£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Holy¡¡¡¡¡¡Scriptures£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡
moderate¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Reformers¡¡who¡¡were¡¡spreading¡¡the¡¡Scriptures¡¡in¡¡Europe£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡light¡¡¡¡¡¡wilfully¡¡¡¡¡¡hidden£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡bushel£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
dunghill¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡is¡¡somewhat¡¡like¡¡Socrates¡¡in¡¡face£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡character¡¡likewise£»¡¡
in¡¡him£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡Socrates£»¡¡the¡¡demigod¡¡and¡¡the¡¡satyr£»¡¡the¡¡man¡¡and¡¡the¡¡ape£»¡¡are¡¡
struggling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡mastery¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡¡¡Socrates£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡true¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡conquers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
es¡¡forth¡¡high¡¡and¡¡pure£»¡¡in¡¡Rabelais£»¡¡alas£¡¡¡the¡¡victor¡¡is¡¡the¡¡ape£»¡¡while¡¡
the¡¡man¡¡himself¡¡sinks¡¡down¡¡in¡¡cynicism£»¡¡sensuality£»¡¡practical¡¡jokes£»¡¡foul¡¡
talk¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡returns¡¡to¡¡Paris£»¡¡to¡¡live¡¡an¡¡idle£»¡¡luxurious¡¡life£»¡¡to¡¡diesays¡¡the¡¡
legendsaying£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨I¡¡¡¡¡¡go¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡seek¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡leave¡¡¡¡behind¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡
little¡¡¡¡¡¡save¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Pantagruelistscareless¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡gentlemen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whose¡¡
ideal¡¡was¡¡to¡¡laugh¡¡at¡¡everything£»¡¡to¡¡believe¡¡in¡¡nothing£»¡¡and¡¡to¡¡gratify¡¡their¡¡
five¡¡¡¡¡¡senses¡¡like¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡brutes¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡perish¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡There¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡
books¡¡to¡¡make¡¡them¡¡laugh£»¡¡the¡¡wise¡¡man£»¡¡when¡¡he¡¡reads¡¡them£»¡¡will¡¡be¡¡far¡¡
more¡¡¡¡¡¡inclined¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡weep¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡see¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡words¡¡
remember£»¡¡that¡¡in¡¡him£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡Rabelais£»¡¡the¡¡ape¡¡and¡¡the¡¡man¡¡are¡¡struggling¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡59¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡60¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡
for¡¡the¡¡mastery¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡him¡¡take¡¡warning¡¡by¡¡the¡¡fate¡¡of¡¡one¡¡who¡¡was¡¡to¡¡him¡¡
as¡¡a¡¡giant¡¡to¡¡a¡¡pigmy£»¡¡and¡¡think¡¡of¡¡Tennyson's¡¡words¡¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Arise£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡fly¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡reeling¡¡¡¡¡¡faun£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡sensual¡¡¡¡¡¡feast£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Strive¡¡¡¡¡¡upwards£»¡¡
working¡¡out¡¡the¡¡beast£»¡¡And¡¡let¡¡the¡¡ape¡¡and¡¡tiger¡¡die¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡return¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Down¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡Montpellier£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡a¡¡
brilliant¡¡meteor£»¡¡flashed¡¡this¡¡wonderful¡¡Rabelais£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡year¡¡1530¡£¡¡He¡¡had¡¡
fled£»¡¡some¡¡say£»¡¡for¡¡his¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Like¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡no¡¡mind¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡martyr£»¡¡
and¡¡he¡¡had¡¡been¡¡terrified¡¡at¡¡the¡¡execution¡¡of¡¡poor¡¡Louis¡¡de¡¡Berquin£»¡¡his¡¡
friend£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡friend¡¡of¡¡Erasmus¡¡likewise¡£¡¡This¡¡Louis¡¡de¡¡Berquin£»¡¡a¡¡man¡¡
well¡¡¡¡¡¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡days£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡gallant¡¡¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡¡¡gentleman¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡scholar£»¡¡
holding¡¡a¡¡place¡¡in¡¡the¡¡court¡¡of¡¡Francis¡¡I¡££»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡translated¡¡into¡¡French¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡works¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Erasmus£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Luther£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Melancthon£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡asserted¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡
was¡¡heretical¡¡to¡¡invoke¡¡the¡¡Virgin¡¡Mary¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Holy¡¡Spirit£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡
call¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡Hope¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡Life£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡titlesBerquin¡¡¡¡¡¡averredbelonged¡¡
alone¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡God¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Twice¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡doctors¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Sorbonne£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡terrible¡¡
persecutor£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Noel¡¡¡¡¡¡Beda£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡head£»¡¡¡¡¡¡seized¡¡¡¡¡¡poor¡¡
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£
ÔÞÒ»ÏÂ
Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü