adan (plural Edain) in Adanedhel; Aradan; Dúnedain。 For its meaning and history see Atani in the Index。
aelin 'lake; pool' in Aelin…uial; cf。 lin (2)。
aglar 'glory; brilliance' in Dagor Aglareb; Aglarond。 The form m Quenya; alkar; has transposition of the
consonants: to Sindarin aglareb corresponds Alkarinqu?。 The root is kal… 'shine'; q。v。
aina 'holy' in Ainur; Ainulindal?。
alda 'tree' (Quenya) in Aldaron; Aldudéni?; Malinalda; corresponding to Sindarin galadh (seen in Caras
Galadon and the Galadrim of Lothlórien)。
alqua 'swan' (Sindarin alph) in Alqualond?; from a root alak… 'rushing' occurring also in Ancalagon。
amarth 'doom' in Amon Amarth; Cabed Naeramarth; úmarth; and in the Sindarin form of Túrin's name
'Master of Doom'; Turamarth。 The Quenya form of the word appears in Turambar。
amon 'hill'; a Sindarin word occurring as the first element of many names; plural emyn in Emyn Beraid。 445
anca 'jaws' in Ancalagon (for the second element in this name see alqua)。
an(d) 'long' in Andram; Anduin; also in Anfalas ('Lang…strand') in Gondor; Cair Andros ('ship of long…foam')
an island in Anduin; and Angerthas 'long rune…rows'。
andún? 'sunset; west' in Andúni?; to which corresponds in Sindarin annun; cf。 Annúminas; and Henneth Annun
'window of the sunset' in Ithilien。 The ancient root of these words; ndu; meaning 'down; from on high'; appears also
in Quenya numen 'the way of the sunset; west' and in Sindarin dun 'west'; cf。 Dúnedain; Ad?naic adun in Adunakh?r;
Anad?n? was a loan from Eldarin speech。
anga 'iron'; Sindarin ang; in Angainor; Angband; Anghabar; Anglachel; Angrist; Angrod; Anguirel;
Gurthang; angren 'of iron' in Angrenost; plural engrin in Ered Engrin。
anna 'gift' in Annatar; Melian; Yavanna; the same stem m Andor 'Land of Gift'。
annon 'great door or gate'; plural ennyn; in Annon…in…Gelydh; cf。 Morannon the 'Black Gate' of Mordor and
Sirannon the 'Gate…stream' of Moria。
ar… 'beside; outside' (whence Quenya ar 'and'; Sindarin a); probably in Araman 'outside Aman'; cf。 also
(Nirnaeth) Arnoediad '(Tears) without reckoning'。
ar(a)… 'high; noble; royal' appears in a great many names; as Aradan; Aredhel; Argonath; Arnor; etc。;
extended stem arat… appearing in Aratar; and in arato 'champion; eminent man'; e。g。 Angrod from Angaráto and
Finrod from Findaráto; also aran 'king' in Aranrúth。 Ereinion 'scion of kings' (name of Gil…galad) has the plural of
aran; cf。 Fornost Erain 'Norbury of the Kings' in Arnor。 The prefix Ar… of the Ad?naic names of the Kings of
Númenor was derived from this。
arien (the Maia of the Sun) is derived from a root as… seen also in Quenya ár? 'sunlight'。
atar 'father' in Atanatári (see Atani in Index); Ilúvatar。
band 'prison; duress' m Angband; from original mbando; of which the Quenya form appears in Mandos
(Sindarin Angband=Quenya Angamando)。
bar 'dwelling' in Bar…en…Danwedh。 The ancient word mbar (Quenya mar; Sindarin bar) meant the 'home' both of
persons and of peoples; and thus appears in many place…names; as Brithombar; Dimbar (the first element of which
means 'sad; gloomy'); Eldamar; Val(i)mar; Vinyamar; Mar…nu…Falmar。 Mardil; name of the first of the Ruling
Stewards of Gondor; means 'devoted to the house' (i。e。 of the Kings)。
barad 'tower' in Barad…d?r; Barad Either Barad Nimras; the plural in Emyn Beraid。
beleg 'mighty' in Beleg; Belegaer; Belegost; Laer Cú Beleg。
brago 'sudden' in Dagor Bragollach。
brethil probably means 'silver birch'; cf。 Nimbrethil the birchwoods in Arvernien; and Fimbrethil; one of the
Entwives。
brith 'gravel' m Brithiach; Brithombar; Brithon。
(For many names beginning with C see entries under K)
calen (galen) the usual Sindarin word for 'green'; in Ard…galen; Tol Galen; Calenardhon; also in Parth Galen
('Green Sward') beside Anduin and Pinnath Gelin ('Green Ridges') in Gondor。 See kal…。
cam (from kamba) 'hand'; but specifically of the hand held cupped in the attitude of receiving or holding; in
Camlost; Erchamion。
carak… This root is seen in Quenya carca 'fang'; of which the Sindarin form carch occurs in Carcharoth; and
also in Carchost ('Fang Fort'; one of the Towers of the Teeth at the entrance to Mordor)。 Cf。 Caragd?r; Carach
Angren ('Iron Jaws'; the rampart and dike guarding the entrance to Udun in Mordor); and Helcarax?。
caran 'red'; Quenya carn?; in Caranthir; Carnil; Orocarni; also in Caradhras; from caran…rass; the 'Red…
horn' in the Misty Mountains; and Carnimirie 'red…jewelled'; the rowan…tree m Treebeard's song。 The translation of
Carcharoth in the text as 'Red Maw' must depend on association with this word; see carak…。
celeb 'silver' (Quenya telep; telp?; as in Telperion) in Celeborn; Celebrant; Celebros。 Celebrimbor means
'silver…fist'; from the adjective celebrin 'silver' (meaning not 'made of silver' but 'like silver; in hue or worth') and paur
(Quenya quare) 'fist' often used to mean 'hand'; the Quenya form of the name was Telperinquar。 Celebrindal has
celebrin and tal; dal 'foot'。
coron 'mound' in Corollair? (also called Coron Oiolair?; which latter word appears to mean 'Ever…summer';
cf。 Oioloss?); cf。 Cerin Amroth; the great mound in Lothlórien。
cú 'bow' in Cúthalion; Dor Cúarthol; Laer Cú Beleg。
cuivi? 'awakening' in Cuiviénen (Sindarin Nen Echui)。 Other derivatives of the same root are Dor
Firn…i…Guinar; coire; the first beginning of Spring; Sindarin echuir。 The Lord of the Rings Appendix D; and coimas
'life…bread'; Quenya name of lembas。
cul… 'golden…red' in Culúrien。
curu 'skill' in Curuftn(we); Curunír。
dae 'shadow' in Dor Daedeloth; and perhaps m Daeron。
dagor 'battle'; the root is ndak…; cf。 Haudh…en…Ndengin。 Another derivative is Dagnir (Dagnir Glaurunga
'Glaurung's Bane')。
del 'horror* in Deldúwath; deloth 'abhorrence' in Dor Daedeloth。
d?n 'silent' in Dor Dínen; cf。 Rath Dínen; the Silent Street in Minas Tirith; and Amon D?n; one of the beacon…hills of
Gondor。
dol 'head' in Lórindol; often applied to hills and mountains; as in Dol Guldur; Dolmed; Mindolluin (also Nardol;
one of the beacon…hills of Gondor; and Fanuidhol; one of the Mountains of Moria)。
d?r 'land' (i。e。 dry land as opposed to sea) was derived from ndor; it occurs in many Sindarin names; as Doriath;
Dorthonion; Eriador; Gondor; Mordor; etc。 In Quenya the stem was blended and confused with a quite distinct word
nór? meaning 'people'; in origin Valinór? was strictly 'the people of the Valar'; but Valandor 'the land of the Valar';
and similarly Númen(n)ór? 'people of the West'; but Númendor 'land of the West'。 Quenya Endor 'Middle…earth' was
from ened 'middle' and ndor; this in Sindarin became Ennor (cf。 ennorath 'middle lands' in the chant A Elbereth
Gilthoniel)。
draug 'wolf' in Draugluin。
dú 'night; dimness' in Deldúwath; Ephel Dúath。 Derived from earlier d?m?; whence Quenya lóm?; thus
Sindarin dúlin 'nightingale' corresponds to lómelind?。
duin '(long) river' in Anduin; Baranduin; Esgalduin; Malduin; Taur…im…Duinath。
d?r 'dark' in Barad…d?r; Caragd?r; Dol Guldur; also in Durthang (a castle in Mordor)。
?ar 'sea' (Quenya) in E?rendil; E?rrám?; and many other names。 The Sindarin word gaer (in Belegaer) is
apparently derived from the same original stem。
echor in Echoriath 'Encircling Mountains' and Orfalch Echor; cf。 Rammas Echor 'the great wall of the outer
circle' about the Pelennor Fields at Minas Tirith。
edhel 'elf (Sindarin) in Adanedhel; Aredhel; Glóredhel; Ost…in…Edhil; also in Peredhil 'Half…elven'。
eithel 'well' m Eithel Ivrin; Eithel Sirion; Barad Eithel; also in Mitheithel; the river Hoarwell in Eriador
(named from its source)。 See kel…。
êl; elen 'star'。 According to Elvish legend; ele was a primitive exclamation 'behold!' made by the Elves when
they first saw the stars。 From this origin derived the ancient words êl and elen; meaning 'star'; and the adjectives elda
and elena; meaning 'of the stars'。 These elements appear in a great many names。 For the later use of the name Eldar
see the Index。 The Sindarin equivalent of Elda was Edhel (plural Edhil); q。v。; 'but the strictly corresponding form
was Eledh; which occurs in Eledhwen。
er 'one; alone'; in Amon Ereb (cf; Erebor; the Lonely Mountain); Erchamion; Eress?a; Eru。
ereg 'thorn; holly' in Eregion; Region。
esgal 'screen; hiding' in Esgalduin。
falas 'shore; line of surf' (Quenya falass?) in Falas; Belfalas; also Anfalas in Gondor。 Cf。 Falathar;
Falathrim。 Another derivative from the root was Quenya falma '(crested) wave'; whence Falmari; Mar…nu…Falmar。
faroth is derived from a root meaning 'hunt; pursue'; in the Lay of Leithian the Taur…en…Faroth above
Nargothrond are called 'the Hills of the Hunters'。
faug… 'gape' in Anfauglir; Anfauglith; Dor…nu…Fauglith。
fea 'spirit' in F?anor; F?anturi。
fin… 'hair' in Finduilas; Fingon; Finrod; Glorftndel。
formen 'north' (Quenya) in Formenos; Sindarin forn (also for; forod) in Fornost。
fuin 'gloom; darkness' (Quenya huine) in Fuinur; Taur…nu…Fuin。
gaer 'sea' in Belegaer (and in Gaerys; Sindarin name of Oss?)。 Said to derive from the stem gaya 'awe;
dread'; and to have been the name made for the vast and terrifying Great Sea when the Eldar first came to its shores。
gaur 'werewolf (from a root ngwaw… 'howl') m Tol…in…Gaurhoth。
gil 'star' in Dagor…nuin…Giliath; Osgiliath (giliath 'host of stars'); Gil…Estel; Gil…galad。
girith 'shuddering' in Nen Girith; cf。 also Girithron; name of the last month of the year in Sindarin (The Lord
of the Rings Appendix D)。
glin 'gleam' (particularly applied to the eyes) in Maeglin。
golodh is the Sindarin form of Quenya Noldo; see gul Plural Golodhrim; and Gelydh (in Annon…in…Gelydh)。
gond 'stone' in Gondolin; Gondor; Gonnhirrim; Argonath; seregon。 The name of the hidden city of King
Turgon was devised by him in Quenya as Ondolind? (Quenya ondo= Sindarin gond; and lind? 'singing; song'); but it
was known always in legend in the Sindarin form Gondolin; which was probably interpreted as gond…dolen 'Hidden
Rock'。
gor 'horror; dread' in Gorthaur; Gorthol; goroth of the same meaning; with reduplicated gor; in Gorgoroth; Ered
Gorgoroth。
groth (grod) 'delving; underground dwelling' m Menegroth; Nogrod (probably also in Nimrodel; 'lady of the white
cave')。 Nogrod was originally Novrod 'hollow delving' (hence the translation Hollowbold); but was altered under the
influence of naug 'dwarf'。
gul 'sorcery' in Dol Guldur; Minas Morgul。 This word was derived from the same ancient stem ngol… that
appears in Noldor; cf。 Quenya nól? 'long study; lore; knowledge'。 But the Sindarin word was darkened in sense by its
frequent use in the pound morgul 'black arts'。
gurth 'death' in Gurthang (see also Melkor in the Index)。
gwaith 'people' in Gwaith…i…Mírdain; cf。 Enedwaith 'Middle…folk'; name of the land between the Greyflood
and the Isen。
gwalh; wath 'shadow' in Deldúwath; Ephel Dúath; also in Gwathlo; the river Greyflood in Eriador。 Related forms
in Ered Wethrin; ThurIngw?thil。 (This Sindarin word referred to dim light; not to the shadows of objects cast by